Summary: The US Senate has passed the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026, which proposes to impose up to 100% secondary tariffs on countries importing significant volumes of Russian crude oil or natural gas, affecting all sectors regardless of goods. As one of the largest purchasers of Russian energy, India faces a significant risk of triggering this mechanism. This article examines the framework of the proposed legislation, its likely commercial impact on Indian trade, and the contractual and policy measures that Indian businesses must now consider.