Arbitration and Conciliation Act

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INTRODUCTION

The evolution of arbitration in India has been marked by a steadfast judicial commitment to enhancing its merits, particularly its efficiency, speed, and limited judicial intervention. This development offers a credible alternative to the overburdened judicial system. However, courts have remained the cornerstone of supervisory jurisdiction, ensuring that arbitral awards adhere to the principles enshrined in Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (“the Act”).[2] Among the grounds for challenging awards, “patent illegality” under Section 34(2A) of the Act, initially conceived as a subset of “public policy”, was introduced as a distinct ground to address blatant legal errors visible on the face of an award by way of Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015.[3] Today, patent illegality stands as one of the widely employed grounds for challenge, yet its contours remain vague.Continue Reading DMRC V. DAMEPL and the 2024 Amendment Bill: Where Patent illegality stands in Arbitration?

Is writ maintainable against an award passed under the MSME Act? – Part I

Introduction:

The Hon’ble Supreme Court (“SC”)[1] debated on the seminal question of maintainability of writ petitions against an order/ award under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 (“MSME Act”). In M/s Tamil Nadu Cements Corporate Limited v. Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Council and Another[2] (“…

After Sunset: Courts on post Rohan Builders

The Supreme Court has resolved the debate on filing for an extension of time period under Section 29A of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (the “Act”), after the period for rendering an arbitral award has expired. This judgment was rendered in Rohan Builders (India) Private Limited v. Berger Paints India Private Limited, SLP (C) No. 23320 of 2023 (“Rohan Builders”) on September 12, 2024. Given that several months have passed since the judgment, this blog takes a bird’s eye view on disputes under Section 29A of the Act and how the courts have dealt with them post Rohan Builders. Continue Reading After Sunset: Courts on post Rohan Builders 

Court’s power to partially set aside arbitral awards: An Indian perspective

Recently, the Delhi High Court (“DHC”) has reiterated that Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (“Act”), empowers courts to partially set aside an arbitral award and it would not amount to a modification, as an arbitral award consists of distinct components independent of each other.Continue Reading Court’s power to partially set aside arbitral awards: An Indian perspective

Revisiting Unilateral Arbitrator Appointments: The Supreme Court’s New Stance on Fairness and Equality

Introduction

Party autonomy is undoubtedly a cornerstone of arbitration proceedings, allowing parties substantial freedom to shape the contours of their dispute resolution process. This freedom extends to choosing arbitrators and defining procedural rules, reflecting a central appeal of arbitration over litigation. However, this autonomy has limits, particularly where it intersects with the mandatory provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (“Arbitration Act / Act”), designed to uphold fairness, impartiality and transparency.Continue Reading Revisiting Unilateral Arbitrator Appointments: The Supreme Court’s New Stance on Fairness and Equality

Unlocking Arbitration Clauses: Incorporation by reference in digital contracts

Introduction

The question of incorporation of arbitration clauses referred to in another document has been a bone of contention between parties, in view of the absence of statutory guidance under Section 7 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (“Arbitration Act”). Although the principle of incorporating an arbitration clause, referred to in another document is a well-established principle in arbitral jurisprudence,[1] Section 7(5) only provides that the reference should be “such as to make that arbitration clause part of the contract”. Hence, it has been left to the courts to determine the conditions that need to be satisfied for the same.Continue Reading Unlocking Arbitration Clauses: Incorporation by reference in digital contracts

Rohan Builders Judgment: A Watershed Moment in Indian Arbitration Law

The Supreme Court’s (“SC”) recent[1]interpretation of the intent and scope of Section 29A of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (“Act” or “Arbitration Act”) has sent ripples through the Indian arbitration landscape. In this landmark verdict, Justices Sanjiv Khanna and R. Mahadevan have provided much-needed clarity and guidance on the extension of time limits for arbitral awards beyond the stipulated timeframe under Section 29A of the Act.Continue Reading Rohan Builders Judgment: A Watershed Moment in Indian Arbitration Law

Novation of Contract and Section 11 Of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

The doctrine of severability dictates that the arbitration clause (arbitration agreement) is deemed to be separate or independent from the overarching contract. Therefore, even when a contract’s legality is challenged, the arbitration agreement remains unaffected. However, the novation of a contract, by way of a supplemental/amended agreement, raises an interesting question regarding the validity of the arbitration clause in the original agreement entered into between the parties, which resultantly stands amended or superseded.  The issue about the extent to which the courts can intervene to determine this also requires judicial consideration.Continue Reading Novation of Contract and Section 11 Of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

The Evolving Landscape of Pre-Reference Interest in Indian Arbitration Regime

The recent ruling by the Supreme Court of India in Pam Developments Private Limited v. The State of West Bengal & Anr.[1] has reignited discussions on awarding pre-reference interest in arbitration proceedings. The case had arisen from a dispute over delays in a road construction project. Marking a significant development in the evolution of the Indian arbitration law, particularly on granting interest, the Court upheld the arbitrator’s authority to award interest on the awarded sum from the date of the cause of action until the date of the award, even when the contract was silent on the matter. While analysing the Pam Developments case, this blog delves into the nuances of pre-reference interest in light of the existing legal framework and relevant jurisprudence.Continue Reading The Evolving Landscape of Pre-Reference Interest in Indian Arbitration Regime